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Is Political Transition Possible in Syria?

A political transition can be defined as an act or process of changing from a form of totalitarian rule to a democratic or quasi-democratic rule that believes in human rights and the rule of law. This initial definition indicates that political transition is associated with democracy and constitutes a vital part of the process of democratisation. This, in turn, suggests that the concept and process of political transition can live and succeed only in a democratic or semi-democratic environment. Put differently, a political transition can only be accomplished if conflicting parties believe in democracy in its minimum levels.
Any successful political transition in the countries that have been experiencing armed conflicts, like Syria, requires a set of conditions to be achieved. On the one hand, some of these stipulations are objective and linked to international and regional players embroiled in this stalemate. On the other hand, the rest of these requirements are subjective and related to Syrian local warring parties. These fighting groups, in turn, reflect the Syrian society in terms of culture and the extent of its acceptance of democracy and the principle of a political settlement to this bloody dispute.
The external players engaged in the Syrian dilemma have no consensus yet about the necessity of the solution of a political transition in Syria. On the contrary, these global and regional actors have practically worked for the opposite side, namely, the prolongation of the strife in Syria in harmony with their interests at the expense of Syrian people.
Every single country participating in the Syrian calamity has goals and agendas that contradict the principle of a settlement based on a political transition.
Russia, which has been the major participant in the Syrian catastrophe, has aimed to protect and maintain al-Assad’s regime. This has been at the expense of the devastating of more than half of Syria, killing about one million people, and displacing more than ten million internally and externally. In other words, Russia has aimed to safeguard and sustain the Al-Alawite regime.
Turkey, the primary incubator of the political and armed Syrian opposition, has had sectarian objectives represented in supporting the Sunni’s dissenters and establishing an Islamic rule in Damascus led by the Muslim Brotherhood in the general framework of Erdogan’s plan to retrieve the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, Turkey has aided Islamic terrorist and extremist groups including ISIS and Al-Nusra. Especially, when Turkey’s interests have intersected with ISIS and other extremist groups in fighting Kurdish aspirations in Syria.
Iran’s role in Syria resembles Turkey’s role because Iran has had sectarian agendas like Turkey, but in the favour of the idea of spreading Shiism across the Middle East. Based on this basis, Iran has been supporting al-Assad’s regime with money, militias, and weapons.
The Syrian warring parties do not believe in the idea of a political transition because it is a democratic process and the two conflicting parties, i.e., the regime and the opposition, are inveterate enemies of democracy. Each party of them, particularly, the regime has already decided to eliminate the other. At the time of talking about the idea of political transition, the regime has strived to tighten the screws on Idlib, the last stronghold of the Islamist extremist opposition backed by Turkey. In return, the armed Syrian opposition has cooperated with Turkey to occupy more Syrian lands and undermine Kurdish-led Self-administration in north and northeast Syria.
Based on the aforementioned, the prospects for the success of political transition in Syria are almost non-existent. The most important factors for the success of any political transition in Syria are completely absent. There are no neutral international forces on the ground to impose any political compromise built on a political transition. On the opposite of that, there are biased global and regional forces to defend either the regime or the opposition. Likewise, the warring local parties have no willingness about the need for a political transition. Similarly, there is no unanimity among international and regional powers involved in the Syrian impasse over the significance of the ultimate compromise and peaceful political transition. All the conditions mentioned above are not in existence in the case of Syria. Hence, it is very difficult to talk at present about any fruitful political transition project in Syria.
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BENEFIT AGM approves 10%...
- March 27, 2025
BENEFIT, the Kingdom’s innovator and leading company in Fintech and electronic financial transactions service, held its Annual General Meeting (AGM) at the company’s headquarters in the Seef District.
During the meeting, shareholders approved all items listed on the agenda, including the ratification of the minutes of the previous AGM held on 26 March 2024. The session reviewed and approved the Board’s Annual Report on the company’s activities and financial performance for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2024, and the shareholders expressed their satisfaction with the company’s operational and financial results during the reporting period.
The meeting also reviewed the Independent External Auditor’s Report on the company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024. Subsequently, the shareholders approved the audited financial statements for the fiscal year. Based on the Board’s recommendation, the shareholders approved the distribution of a cash dividend equivalent to 10% of the paid-up share capital.
Furthermore, the shareholders endorsed the allocation of a total amount of BD 172,500 as remuneration to the members of the Board for the year ended 31 December 2024, subject to prior clearance by related authorities.
The extension of the current composition of the Board was approved, which includes ten members and one CBB observer, for a further six-month term, expiring in September 2025, pending no objection from the CBB.
The meeting reviewed and approved the Corporate Governance Report for 2024, which affirmed the company’s full compliance with the corporate governance directives issued by the CBB and other applicable regulatory frameworks. The AGM absolved the Board Members of liability for any of their actions during the year ending on 31st December 2024, in accordance with the Commercial Companies Law.
In alignment with regulatory requirements, the session approved the reappointment of Ernst & Young (EY) as the company’s External Auditors for the fiscal year 2025, covering both the parent company and its subsidiaries—Sinnad and Bahrain FinTech Bay. The Board was authorised to determine the external auditors’ professional fees, subject to approval from the CBB, and the meeting concluded with a discussion of any additional issues as per Article (207) of the Commercial Companies Law.
Speaking on the company’s performance, Mr. Mohamed Al Bastaki, Chairman BENEFIT , stated: “In terms of the financial results for 2024, I am pleased to say that the year gone by has also been proved to be a success in delivering tangible results. Growth rate for 2024 was 19 per cent. Revenue for the year was BD 17 M (US$ 45.3 Million) and net profit was 2 Million ($ 5.3 Million).
Mr. Al Bastaki also announced that the Board had formally adopted a new three-year strategic roadmap to commence in 2025. The strategy encompasses a phased international expansion, optimisation of internal operations, enhanced revenue diversification, long-term sustainability initiatives, and the advancement of innovation and digital transformation initiatives across all service lines.
“I extend my sincere appreciation to the CBB for its continued support of BENEFIT and its pivotal role in fostering a stable and progressive regulatory environment for the Kingdom’s banking and financial sector—an environment that has significantly reinforced Bahrain’s standing as a leading financial hub in the region,” said Mr. Al Bastaki. “I would also like to thank our partner banks and valued customers for their trust, and our shareholders for their ongoing encouragement. The achievements of 2024 set a strong precedent, and I am confident they will serve as a foundation for yet another successful and impactful year ahead.”
Chief Executive of BENEFIT; Mr. Abdulwahed AlJanahi commented, “The year 2024 represented another pivotal chapter in BENEFIT ’s evolution. We achieved substantial progress in advancing our digital strategy across multiple sectors, while reinforcing our long-term commitment to the development of Bahrain’s financial services and payments landscape. Throughout the year, we remained firmly aligned with our objective of delivering measurable value to our shareholders, strategic partners, and customers. At the same time, we continued to play an active role in enabling Bahrain’s digital economy by introducing innovative solutions and service enhancements that directly address market needs and future opportunities.”
Mr. AlJanahi affirmed that BENEFIT has successfully developed a robust and well-integrated payment network that connects individuals and businesses across Bahrain, accelerating the adoption of emerging technologies in the banking and financial services sector and reinforcing Bahrain’s position as a growing fintech hub, and added, “Our achievements of the past year reflect a long-term vision to establish a resilient electronic payment infrastructure that supports the Kingdom’s digital economy. Key developments in 2024 included the implementation of central authentication for open banking via BENEFIT Pay”
Mr. AlJanahi concluded by thanking the Board for its strategic direction, the company’s staff for their continued dedication, and the Central Bank of Bahrain, member banks, and shareholders for their valuable partnership and confidence in the company’s long-term vision.
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