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The Debate of Islam and Modernity in the Turkish Experience (2 - 3)
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Implications at the Turkish Level

It is essential to seek sources for the distinctive relationship between religion and politics in Turkey, particularly in the context of Turkish Islam, which is conciliatory and influenced by the religions of the Asian continent, as well as in the Balkan world, and through the Ottoman past and Christianity.
Similarly, it is impossible to present the religious issue in terms of binary oppositions, i.e., positioning secularists on one side and Islamists on the other, as there are hybrid behaviors composed of both positions, not to mention the specificity of Turks, many of whom have adapted to modernity.
These behaviors were present in the awareness of the leaders of the "Justice and Development Party" (AKP), who were part of it at certain stages, and as they learned its lessons and absorbed the conditions for success and continuity in the political arena, they made sure to present a reconciliatory formula between Islam, secularism, and democracy that succeeded in attracting a significant sector of the elite and a large portion of the masses, who gave them their votes and trust in elections.
When they considered themselves a conservative and democratic party, that directly implied their commitment to respecting the core values in Turkish society, primarily religion and secularism. By doing this, they revived the neglected cornerstone of Turkish political identity, which is Islam, which was dissolved by Kemalist secularism in its dominant project. Within the limits of the available framework, their invocation of Islam occurred in the social context rather than the political sphere, thus presenting the reform project over the ideological one, which explains their minimization of the significance of the hijab battle provoked by extreme secularists and their preoccupation with
confronting the economic crisis, enhancing freedoms, and seeking to join the European Union.
Erdogan, the leader of the "Justice and Development Party," stated in February 2000 while he was still a member of the "Virtue Party," as follows: "It is a mistake to equate the party with religion and religion with politics. We do not aim to establish an Islamic state, nor are we a theocratic party. If pious people engage in political life without considering religious standards as a reference for themselves, we cannot talk about political Islam."
The "Justice and Development Party" succeeded in convincing the vast majority of the conservative Islamic community of its viewpoint and managed to rally support from its most dynamic elements. Economically, it focused on concepts of "free competition," "rationality," "sense of responsibility," and "transparency in economic policy" followed by the modern state. It called for an open society, closely linked to the activities of non-governmental organizations that would limit the state’s urge to control all aspects of economic, cultural, and social life. This societal concept, which aims to prevent the overwhelming presence of the state in an almost neoliberal manner, does not endorse the idea of an Islamic state eager to shape all areas of life according to its own ideology; however, the concept does allow for the emergence of an Islamic society ready to reconsider the strict restrictions on religious activity, particularly in terms of education and freedom of organization.
When these contemporary reformers resigned from the "Virtue Party" in 2001, their response to the question: What is new in your contemporary renewal movement? was:
1. Our new movement will not revolve around feelings and religious beliefs but rather on democratic foundations, transparency, dialogue, and cooperation.
2. Our movement will not operate according to the method of political work based on blind obedience to the leader or president, as was the case in Erbakan’s era, but rather according to a collective work approach or team work in politics, administration, and governance.
3. Our movement will not be preoccupied with resolving superstructure problems but will focus on addressing the issues that concern the substructure, namely the Turkish people suffering from unemployment, inequality in wealth distribution, growth, and social justice.
4. We are not advocates of political wrangling, nor are we fond of empty political conflicts and quixotic battles; rather, our new movement calls for social reconciliation, dialogue, and cooperation, because there are many common points between us and others.
5. Our movement will not pose a danger or a threat to the existing system, as we will not follow policies that constitute such a threat.
6. We will meet citizens' desires to join the European Union and will prepare appropriate conditions for such membership as part of our national interest.
7. The issue of the hijab will not be a cause for wrangling and conflict in our party's upcoming programs, as we will address such issues within the framework of human rights that we advocate for protecting, especially since the hijab does not represent the fundamental problem for Turkish women, who need solutions to their economic and social issues, participation in political life, and enjoyment
Dr. Abdullah Turkmani
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BENEFIT AGM approves 10%...
- March 27, 2025
BENEFIT, the Kingdom’s innovator and leading company in Fintech and electronic financial transactions service, held its Annual General Meeting (AGM) at the company’s headquarters in the Seef District.
During the meeting, shareholders approved all items listed on the agenda, including the ratification of the minutes of the previous AGM held on 26 March 2024. The session reviewed and approved the Board’s Annual Report on the company’s activities and financial performance for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2024, and the shareholders expressed their satisfaction with the company’s operational and financial results during the reporting period.
The meeting also reviewed the Independent External Auditor’s Report on the company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024. Subsequently, the shareholders approved the audited financial statements for the fiscal year. Based on the Board’s recommendation, the shareholders approved the distribution of a cash dividend equivalent to 10% of the paid-up share capital.
Furthermore, the shareholders endorsed the allocation of a total amount of BD 172,500 as remuneration to the members of the Board for the year ended 31 December 2024, subject to prior clearance by related authorities.
The extension of the current composition of the Board was approved, which includes ten members and one CBB observer, for a further six-month term, expiring in September 2025, pending no objection from the CBB.
The meeting reviewed and approved the Corporate Governance Report for 2024, which affirmed the company’s full compliance with the corporate governance directives issued by the CBB and other applicable regulatory frameworks. The AGM absolved the Board Members of liability for any of their actions during the year ending on 31st December 2024, in accordance with the Commercial Companies Law.
In alignment with regulatory requirements, the session approved the reappointment of Ernst & Young (EY) as the company’s External Auditors for the fiscal year 2025, covering both the parent company and its subsidiaries—Sinnad and Bahrain FinTech Bay. The Board was authorised to determine the external auditors’ professional fees, subject to approval from the CBB, and the meeting concluded with a discussion of any additional issues as per Article (207) of the Commercial Companies Law.
Speaking on the company’s performance, Mr. Mohamed Al Bastaki, Chairman BENEFIT , stated: “In terms of the financial results for 2024, I am pleased to say that the year gone by has also been proved to be a success in delivering tangible results. Growth rate for 2024 was 19 per cent. Revenue for the year was BD 17 M (US$ 45.3 Million) and net profit was 2 Million ($ 5.3 Million).
Mr. Al Bastaki also announced that the Board had formally adopted a new three-year strategic roadmap to commence in 2025. The strategy encompasses a phased international expansion, optimisation of internal operations, enhanced revenue diversification, long-term sustainability initiatives, and the advancement of innovation and digital transformation initiatives across all service lines.
“I extend my sincere appreciation to the CBB for its continued support of BENEFIT and its pivotal role in fostering a stable and progressive regulatory environment for the Kingdom’s banking and financial sector—an environment that has significantly reinforced Bahrain’s standing as a leading financial hub in the region,” said Mr. Al Bastaki. “I would also like to thank our partner banks and valued customers for their trust, and our shareholders for their ongoing encouragement. The achievements of 2024 set a strong precedent, and I am confident they will serve as a foundation for yet another successful and impactful year ahead.”
Chief Executive of BENEFIT; Mr. Abdulwahed AlJanahi commented, “The year 2024 represented another pivotal chapter in BENEFIT ’s evolution. We achieved substantial progress in advancing our digital strategy across multiple sectors, while reinforcing our long-term commitment to the development of Bahrain’s financial services and payments landscape. Throughout the year, we remained firmly aligned with our objective of delivering measurable value to our shareholders, strategic partners, and customers. At the same time, we continued to play an active role in enabling Bahrain’s digital economy by introducing innovative solutions and service enhancements that directly address market needs and future opportunities.”
Mr. AlJanahi affirmed that BENEFIT has successfully developed a robust and well-integrated payment network that connects individuals and businesses across Bahrain, accelerating the adoption of emerging technologies in the banking and financial services sector and reinforcing Bahrain’s position as a growing fintech hub, and added, “Our achievements of the past year reflect a long-term vision to establish a resilient electronic payment infrastructure that supports the Kingdom’s digital economy. Key developments in 2024 included the implementation of central authentication for open banking via BENEFIT Pay”
Mr. AlJanahi concluded by thanking the Board for its strategic direction, the company’s staff for their continued dedication, and the Central Bank of Bahrain, member banks, and shareholders for their valuable partnership and confidence in the company’s long-term vision.
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